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International audience ; The aim of this paper is to summarise the activities and results of the University of Melbourne's Northeastern Anatolia project. The project was directed by Antonio Sagona, who worked in this location for almost 15 years. Field surveys in the region of Bayburt and the plain of Pasinler identified more than 150 sites, dating from the Chalcolithic to the Medieval periods, and enabled detection of diachronic transformations in settlement pat- terns and different territorial strategies in the region. The excavations at Büyüktepe Höyük and Sos Höyük revealed the long history of this region, where geographic, cultural, politi- cal and military frontiers overlapped and interacted for millennia. Phenomena of cultural hybridisation, resiliency and innovation emerged—from the earliest developments of the Kura-Araxes culture in the Chalcolithic period, through the appearance of new funerary practices and mobile societies in the Middle-Late Bronze Age, to the spheres of influence exerted by Urartians and Achaemenids during the Iron Age and the era of military expan- sion by the Roman empire.

International audience ; The aim of this paper is to summarise the activities and results of the University of Melbourne's Northeastern Anatolia project. The project was directed by Antonio Sagona, who worked in this location for almost 15 years. Field surveys in the region of Bayburt and the plain of Pasinler identified more than 150 sites, dating from the Chalcolithic to the Medieval periods, and enabled detection of diachronic transformations in settlement pat- terns and different territorial strategies in the region. The excavations at Büyüktepe Höyük and Sos Höyük revealed the long history of this region, where geographic, cultural, politi- cal and military frontiers overlapped and interacted for millennia. Phenomena of cultural hybridisation, resiliency and innovation emerged—from the earliest developments of the Kura-Araxes culture in the Chalcolithic period, through the appearance of new funerary practices and mobile societies in the Middle-Late Bronze Age, to the spheres of influence exerted by Urartians and Achaemenids during the Iron Age and the era of military expan- sion by the Roman empire.

International audience ; The aim of this paper is to summarise the activities and results of the University of Melbourne's Northeastern Anatolia project. The project was directed by Antonio Sagona, who worked in this location for almost 15 years. Field surveys in the region of Bayburt and the plain of Pasinler identified more than 150 sites, dating from the Chalcolithic to the Medieval periods, and enabled detection of diachronic transformations in settlement pat- terns and different territorial strategies in the region. The excavations at Büyüktepe Höyük and Sos Höyük revealed the long history of this region, where geographic, cultural, politi- cal and military frontiers overlapped and interacted for millennia. Phenomena of cultural hybridisation, resiliency and innovation emerged—from the earliest developments of the Kura-Araxes culture in the Chalcolithic period, through the appearance of new funerary practices and mobile societies in the Middle-Late Bronze Age, to the spheres of influence exerted by Urartians and Achaemenids during the Iron Age and the era of military expan- sion by the Roman empire.

International audience ; The interpretation of the expansion of the Kura-Araxes culture has been traditionally linked to a set of migratory mechanisms that were generated in the core of Kura-Araxes cultural region. Little attention has been dedicated to the role of other processes that took place in the Kura-Araxes "periphery", and in particular to the development, in the fourth millennium, of centralised early-state polities in Iran and Anatolia that were linked to similar developments taking place in the greater Uruk Mesopotamia. This paper will present two case-studies to highlight the structural premises that may have favored the Kura-Araxes "expansion" in Iran and Anatolia: Godin Tepe and Arslantepe. Between the late-fourth and the early-third millennium, these two sites recorded a strikingly similar cultural sequence consisting of the construction of large, possibly public, buildings characterized by a Uruk-related material culture that were replaced by an occupation of flimsy wattle and daub huts featuring a Kura-Araxes related material-culture. A thorough comparison of the developments illustrated by these two case-studies can suggest a new explanatory model for the Kura-Araxes expansion in the regions formerly involved in the Uruk "world". According to this model, the specialized pastoral groups that were generated by the centralised economies of the early-sate polities of the Uruk period in Iran and Anatolia may have played a key role in the following expansion of the Kura-Araxes culture in these regions. L'interprétation de l'expansion de la culture Kuro-Araxe a été traditionnellement associée à des mécanismes migratoires générés dans son périmètre géographique. Jusqu'à présent, très peu d'attention a été dédiée au rôle que d'autres processus, qui se sont déroulés aux marges de la région Kuro-Araxe, pourraient avoir joué dans cette expansion, notamment, le développement en Iran et en Anatolie d'entités proto-étatiques centralisées datant de la seconde moitié du IV e millénaire en connexion directe ...

International audience ; The interpretation of the expansion of the Kura-Araxes culture has been traditionally linked to a set of migratory mechanisms that were generated in the core of Kura-Araxes cultural region. Little attention has been dedicated to the role of other processes that took place in the Kura-Araxes "periphery", and in particular to the development, in the fourth millennium, of centralised early-state polities in Iran and Anatolia that were linked to similar developments taking place in the greater Uruk Mesopotamia. This paper will present two case-studies to highlight the structural premises that may have favored the Kura-Araxes "expansion" in Iran and Anatolia: Godin Tepe and Arslantepe. Between the late-fourth and the early-third millennium, these two sites recorded a strikingly similar cultural sequence consisting of the construction of large, possibly public, buildings characterized by a Uruk-related material culture that were replaced by an occupation of flimsy wattle and daub huts featuring a Kura-Araxes related material-culture. A thorough comparison of the developments illustrated by these two case-studies can suggest a new explanatory model for the Kura-Araxes expansion in the regions formerly involved in the Uruk "world". According to this model, the specialized pastoral groups that were generated by the centralised economies of the early-sate polities of the Uruk period in Iran and Anatolia may have played a key role in the following expansion of the Kura-Araxes culture in these regions. L'interprétation de l'expansion de la culture Kuro-Araxe a été traditionnellement associée à des mécanismes migratoires générés dans son périmètre géographique. Jusqu'à présent, très peu d'attention a été dédiée au rôle que d'autres processus, qui se sont déroulés aux marges de la région Kuro-Araxe, pourraient avoir joué dans cette expansion, notamment, le développement en Iran et en Anatolie d'entités proto-étatiques centralisées datant de la seconde moitié du IV e millénaire en connexion directe ...

SUMMARY The continuous enlargement of the excavations at Arslantepe, in the Malatya province of Eastern Turkey, together with the beginning of systematic surveys in the region and new studies on the modes of occupation of the first centuries on the III millennium BC, give us the unique opportunity to reconsider the occupation proper of Arslantepe and the organisation of the surrounding territory. Around 3000 BC we assist to a general social and political crisis in the site and in the Malatya plain, started with the collapse of the proto-state system of Mesopotamian influence and the establishment, at the beginning of the III millennium, of a different economic and political organisation of the territory, with a much stronger mobile character than in the past. The society of the second half of the IV millennium BC was based on an essentially rural population, sparsely distributed in the plain, which all converged to the central site of Arslantepe and was probably involved in a complex mechanism of local exchange, managed and regulated by the Arslantepe palace. On top of the ruins of the palace, settle, at the beginning of Early Bronze Age I, groups with very distinct architectural traditions, life modes and material culture. The ceramic material consisted mainly of hand made burnished vessels, with the characteristic bi-chrome red-black surfaces, which presents clear technological and stylistic analogies with the red-black productions of the palatial period, but new shapes. These ceramics are the expression of an extremely unitary style and taste, which strongly recalls similar Transcaucasian productions of the Kura-Araks type, and most of all those from Georgia and North-Eastern Anatolia, thus indicating an evident cultural interaction with those communities, or maybe even the physical presence of those groups in the Upper Euphrates valley and in the Malatya plain at the beginning of the III millennium BC. Next to this though, the ceramic production also evidences a continuity of traditions already consolidated in the region and a material culture of the first centuries of the III millennium with a strong local character. The Kura-Araks model which makes its appearance in the Malatya plain, could thus be one derived by the pastoral groups, who locally re-elaborated and modified it.

At Arslantepe towards the end of the 4th millennium BC, after the destruction of the palatial complex of period VIA, the following period VIB1 witnesses the flimsy architectural remains of wattle and daub huts associated with a ceramic culture clearly recalling the contemporary Kura-Araxes traditions of Eastern Anatolia and of the Southern Caucasus. The combination of architectural and zooarchaeological data suggests that period VIB1 represented the occupation by one or more specialised pastoral communities. Recent excavations at Arslantepe have brought to light an imposing mud-brick building (Building 36) dating to period VIB1. Building 36 rested on top of a large courtyard and of a monumental hall dating to the period VIA of the palace complex, thus highlighting a strong sense of continuity in terms of monumental architecture between periods VIA and VIB1. It was destroyed by a violent fire, burying a huge amount of materials in situ (83 ceramic vessels, metals and stone tools). A detailed reconstruction of the material assemblages and a thorough analysis of the functions of the building will constitute the main focus of this paper. This will ultimately shed light on the functions and political significance of this special building in the VIB1 settlement in the frame of ceremonial feastings that may have represented the new strategies enacted by the new Kura-Araxes oriented elites that emerged in the Malatya region, following the collapse of the Uruk-related centralised system.